Reading Guide
Learn about the symbols and tajweed rules used in the Quran to guide proper recitation.
Nasalization
Ghunnah
غُنَّة
A nasal sound held for 2 counts when pronouncing noon or meem with shaddah.
Concealment
Ikhfa
إِخْفَاء
Hiding the noon sakinah or tanween sound with a nasalized tone before 15 specific letters.
Ikhfa Shafawi
إِخْفَاء شَفَوِي
Hiding the meem sakinah with a slight nasalization when followed by the letter ba.
Merging
Idghaam with Ghunnah
إِدْغَام بِغُنَّة
Merging noon sakinah or tanween into the following letter with nasalization (ي ن م و).
Idghaam without Ghunnah
إِدْغَام بِلَا غُنَّة
Merging noon sakinah or tanween into lam or ra without nasalization.
Idghaam Shafawi
إِدْغَام شَفَوِي
Merging meem sakinah into another meem with nasalization.
Idghaam Mutajanisayn
إِدْغَام مُتَجَانِسَيْن
Merging two letters that share the same articulation point but differ in characteristics.
Idghaam Mutaqaribayn
إِدْغَام مُتَقَارِبَيْن
Merging two letters whose articulation points are close to each other.
Conversion
Iqlab
إِقْلَاب
Converting noon sakinah or tanween into a meem sound when followed by the letter ba.
Echo
Qalqalah
قَلْقَلَة
An echoing bounce produced when pronouncing a sukoon on letters ق ط ب ج د.
Elongation
Natural Madd
مَدّ طَبِيعِي
A natural elongation of 2 counts on alif, waw, or ya when no hamzah or sukoon follows.
Madd Aridh Lil-Sukoon
مَدّ عَارِض لِلسُّكُون
Elongation of 2, 4, or 6 counts when stopping on a word that has a madd letter before the last letter.
Madd Lazim
مَدّ لَازِم
An obligatory elongation of 6 counts when a madd letter is followed by a shaddah or sukoon.
Madd Muttasil
مَدّ مُتَّصِل
A connected elongation of 4-5 counts when a madd letter is followed by hamzah in the same word.
Madd Munfasil
مَدّ مُنْفَصِل
A detached elongation of 4-5 counts when a madd letter ends a word and the next word starts with hamzah.
Silent & Connecting
Hamzat al-Wasl
هَمْزَة وَصْل
A connecting hamzah pronounced only at the start of speech but dropped when continuing from a previous word.
Lam Shamsiyyah
لَام شَمْسِيَّة
The lam in "al" that is written but not pronounced, assimilating into the following sun letter.
Silent Letters
حُرُوف صَامِتَة
Letters that are written in the Quran but are not pronounced during recitation.